The European Union Cosmetics Directive defines a cosmetic as «any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with the various external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair, nails, lips and external genital organs) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, with the sole or main purpose of cleaning them, perfuming them, altering their appearance and/or correcting body odours and/or protecting them or keeping them in good condition«.

The European Union requires that cosmetic products be placed on the EU market in a safe manner; that is to say, «they must not cause harm to human health when used under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use». As in the US, manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that cosmetic products comply with the law before they are placed on the market. 

The manufacturer or importer of cosmetics is responsible for demonstrating that the product is safe for its intended use. The regulations apply at national level, and each EU country has an authorised body which is responsible for ensuring compliance